Some alert sound is provided to allow the users to know what exactly happened in the mobile application. As a result, a person who has visual impairment can understand the printed material which is not written in Braille through listening instead of touching. Finally, the text will be read out into speech format using text-to-speech conversion in Text to Speech (TTS) framework.

The captured image is then converted to text by using image-to-text conversion in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) framework. The mobile application is able to capture the image of printed material with a mobile camera. Thus, this paper proposes an affordable mobile application which is designed for the visually impaired person. Although there is much electronic equipment that can help them to read, the prices are too expensive to afford. However, there are limitations for these people when the material is not printed in Braille. They usually have to read printed material using Braille. There are approximately 1.3 billion people in the world have visual impairment issue.

The SOFS provides a rapid, compact, cost-effective solution for determination of the fruit ethylene concentration dynamic during ripening for better fruit harvest timing and postharvest management to minimize wastage. The linear correlation data showed agreement with data generated from a fluorometer. The device was applied in detection of ethylene generated from apples, avocados, and bananas. The images are processed with a dedicated smartphone application for RGB analysis and ethylene concentration. The device is portable (18 cm × 8 cm × 6 cm) with an inbuilt power supply and replaceable optical fiber sensor tip. The common gases in the warehouse had no significant interference with the results. Paired with a pyrene-tagged Grubbs catalyst (PYG) probe, our SOFS showed a wide linearity range up to 350 ppm with a detection limit of 0.6 ppm. For rapid and portable detection of ethylene in commercial fruit ripening storage rooms, we designed a smartphone-based optical fiber sensor (SOFS), which is composed of a 15 mW 365 nm laser for fluorescence signal excitation and a bifurcated fiber system for signal flow direction from probe to smartphone.

Google android studio ide